Praise be to Allaah.
There is nothing wrong with what you did, because when you
travelled to Jeddah you were not intending to do ‘Umrah, so you did not have
to enter ihraam at the meeqaat when you passed it. Rather you intended to do
‘Umrah from Madeenah, so you had to enter ihraam from its meeqaat
(Dhu'l-Hulayfah).
Shaykh Ibn ‘Uthaymeen (may Allaah have mercy on him) was
asked: A man came from Jeddah and did not enter ihraam. First he went to
al-Madeenah al-Munawwarah to visit the Prophet’s Mosque, then he entered
ihraam from the meeqaat of the people of Madeenah. Is this correct?
He replied: There is nothing wring with it, i.e., if a person
comes from his country intending to go to Madeenah first, and he stops in
Jeddah, then goes from Jeddah to Madeenah, then comes back from Madeenah,
entering ihraam from the meeqaat of the people of Madeenah, there is nothing
wrong with that. End quote. Liqa’ al-Baab al-Maftooh (121/29).
He was also asked about a man who came for Hajj and his
meeqaat was Yalamlam, but he did not enter ihraam from the meeqaat, and he
stopped in Jeddah, and went to Madeenah to visit it, then he came back to
Makkah and entered ihraam from Dhu'l-Hulayfah. Does he have to do anything?
He replied:
If he was originally heading for Madeenah, then he came back
and entered ihraam from Dhu’l-Hulayfah, then he does not have to do
anything. End quote.
Majmoo’ Fataawa Ibn ‘Uthaymeen
(21/345).
Secondly:
Prayer in al-Masjid al-Haraam is better than prayer in
al-Masjid al-Nabawi, because the Prophet (peace and blessings of Allaah
be upon him) said: “One prayer in this mosque of mine is better than a
thousand prayers in any other mosque, unless it is al-Masjid al-Haraam.” Narrated by al-Bukhaari (1190) and Muslim (1394). This includes Jumu’ah and other prayers.
And Allaah knows best.